The Mahanadi Basin
Mahanadi Basin lies in the middle of Chhattisgarh. It is formed from sedimentary and igneous rocks. Its area is 68064 square kilometres, which is 50.34 per cent of the total area of Chhattisgarh. It can be divided into two parts -
the plain of Chhattisgarh
high ground
The Plain of Chhattisgarh,
This is the heartland of Chhattisgarh. Its shape is like a feather of a bird. Its area is 31,600 square kilometres. It is formed from Archaean rocks. The result is a plurality of chosen stones. Its average elevation ranges from 220 meters towards the frontier region, about 304 meters.
The plains of Chhattisgarh can be further divided into the following parts -
Pendra-Lorami Plateau
Korba Basin
Raigad Basin
Bilaspur-Raigad Plain
Durg-Raigad Plain
Plateau of Pendra-Lorami
It extends into Pendra, Katghora, Lormi and Pandaria Tehsils. . Palma peak (1080 m) and Lafagarh (1048 m) are long in this plateau.
The Korba Basin
It has an average elevation of 250 -300 meters and extends across the South Katghora and South Korba tehsils.
Raigad Basin
extends into South Dharamjaigarh, Kharsia and Raigad, South Katghora. Its average elevation is 300 meters.
Plain of Bilaspur - Raigad
its extension in Champa, Sakti, Pamgarh, Takhatpur, Bilha etc. Its average elevation is 150 -300 meters and the highest peak of the region is the Dalha Pahar (700 -750 meters).
The Doab of Shivnath-Mahanadi
extends to the entire area of Durg and Raipur Tehsils and some parts of Bemetara, Balod and Mahasamund districts. Its average elevation ranges from 200 to 300 meters.
The plain of the trans-Shivnath
This plain is extended up to durg,bemetara and rajnadgaon district.
High grounds
. It covers an area of 34,464 square kilometres. Its average elevation is 400 to 1000 meters.
It can be divided into the following parts -
Hills of chhuri Udaipur
Maikal Range,
Durg Frontier highland
Dhamtari Mahasamund highland
Hills of chhuri Udaipur,
ChuriNorth Korba, North Dharamjaigarh, North Gharghoda Tehsil etc. are located under it. Its average elevation is 600 to 1000 meters.
Maikal Range
It is located in the western part of Chhattisgarh. It extends into Kawardha, Rajnandgaon and Mungeli districts. It acts as a divider between the Narmada and the Mahanadi drainage system. It has an average elevation of 450–1000 m. Its highest peak is Bdargarh (1176 m).
Durg Frontier highland
Highlands extend into Balod, Rajnandgaon and Durg districts. Its average elevation is 500 to 800 meters.
Dhamtari Mahasamund High Land
It is in the northern direction of Chhattisgarh. It is located in Dhamtari, Mahasamund and Gariaband districts. Its highest peak is Dharidongar (899 m).
Drainage system
It belongs to the Mahanadi drainage system. Mahanadi originates from Sihawa hill. It flows about 286 km in Chhattisgarh. Its tributaries are Shivnath (290 km), Hasdev, Mand etc. Mahanadi is called the lifeline of Chhattisgarh.
Flora
The region is home to tropical dry deciduous forest. There are Sitanadi, Barnawapara and Udanti sanctuaries here. Apart from this, there is a one biodiversity reserve in this area, Achnakmaar biosphere reserve. There is a plurality of mixed forests here.
Industry
The region is quite prosperous from the point of view of industrial activities. There are many industrial areas from where many goods are exported to the country and abroad.
Agriculture
This region is very rich from the point of view of agriculture. At its core is the availability of flat land and improved means of irrigation. This region is called the rice bowl of Chhattisgarh.
Climate
There is a tropical continental climate. The average annual rainfall here ranges from 1000 to 1200 mm.
soil
Loam soil is found in this area. This soil is suitable for paddy cultivation. Laterite soil is also found in some parts of it.
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